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The role of separators in batteries

Writer: admin Time:2019-09-18 03:18:52 Browse:292℃

The role of separators in batteries:

1. In order to reduce the internal resistance and volume of the battery, the positive and negative plates should be as close as possible but not in contact with each other, resulting in short circuits. Therefore, insulation partitions are added between adjacent positive and negative plates. The separator should have porosity to facilitate electrolyte penetration, and should have good acid and alkaline resistance. The partition materials include wood, microporous rubber, microporous plastic, and resin impregnated paper. In recent years, microporous plastic partitions have also been made into bags, tightly wrapped around the outside of the positive electrode plate to prevent the active substances from falling off.

2. The separator serves as the carrier of sulfuric acid electrolyte in the battery, and together with the electrode plate, it bears all the sulfuric acid required to adsorb the rated capacity of the battery in a lean state. This requires that the separator itself has sufficient capacity to adsorb sulfuric acid, and at the same time, it also requires that the battery design leave sufficient space for the separator and select the appropriate amount of separator.

3. In order to improve the sealing reaction efficiency of valve regulated lead-acid batteries, the separator should be able to provide sufficient oxygen channels during battery charging, so that the oxygen released from the positive plate can smoothly pass through the separator and reach the negative plate, forming water, and achieving oxygen circulation. This requires the separator to have a reasonable microporous structure, and also requires the battery design to determine the appropriate separator acid absorption saturation.

4. In valve regulated lead-acid batteries, the separator has the function of preventing the shedding of active substances and deformation of the electrode plate, which will extend the service life of the battery. This requires a small shrinkage of the separator itself after injecting sulfuric acid, and also requires the battery to be designed so that the separator is in a high pressure state.

5. The resistance of the separator and the resistance formed at its contact with the electrode plate are components of the internal resistance of the battery, which requires the separator to have low electrical resistivity. At the same time, the battery design also requires the separator to be in a high pressure state, so that the separator and the electrode plate are in close contact, reducing the resistance formed at its contact.